6-12 Months
Personal Autonomy
- Hold their bottle with both hands
- Eat small pieces with their fingers
- Hold a spoon
- Put their hands in their mouth
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Crawl
- Go up and down stairs on hand and foot
- Sit up
- Move around by hanging on to furniture
- Take few steps if they are held by one or both hands
- Walk toward their parents
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Start to speak words “mama” or “dada”
- Turn around when their name is called
- React to the word “no”
- Understand some words
- Recognize facial expressions
- Put their arms out when they want to be held
- Are frightened of strangers
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Try to reach for objects
- Can hold their gaze on a moving object
- Clap their hands to say “bravo”
- Can Hold small objects between their thumb and index finger
- Like to play peek-a-boo
1-2 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Participate in getting dressed (extend their arms and legs)
- Remove certain clothes (ex.: hat)
- Eat with a spoon
- Drink from a glass with supervision
- Start to eat with a fork
- Drink from a straw
- Start to learn about cleanliness
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Go up and down stairs with support and without alternating legs
- Climb
- Start to run
- Squat to pick up an object from the floor
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Imitate sounds (ex.: animals)
- Speak their first words
- Start to form two-word sentences
- Understand short sentences (ex.: “come to eat”)
- Follow simple stories
- Point to parts of their body
- Can go get an object that was requested of them
- Sometimes oppose to what parents request
- Can be aggressive with other children
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Scribble
- Like to look at pictures and turn pages of a book
- Fit simple geometrical shapes in a mold
- Take hold of a crayon in a rough manner
- Can build a simple tower with blocks
- Start to throw a ball
- Dance to the rhythm of music
Education
- Can engage in group activities
3-4 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Use a fork properly when eating
- Start to get dressed on their own
- Need help to button up their clothes
- Can use the toilet on their own with little supervision
- Participate in their own hygiene (ex.: washing hands and body, brushing teeth)
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Go up and down stairs by alternating legs
- Take initiative
- Run, climb and slide
- Start to put their toys away
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Start to ask questions
- Form full sentences
- Know songs and nursery rhymes
- Understand the terms “today”, “yesterday” and “tomorrow”
- Count to 10
- Have difficulties waiting their turn
- Can invent an imaginary friend
- Can be frightened of certain situations (ex.: doctor, dentist)
- Can express pride, shyness and shame
- Like to be in the company of their little friends
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Play sports and participate in leisure activities with their parents
- Use rides at the park (under parental supervision)
- Ride and peddle a tricycle
- Throw and catch a ball with a better grip
- Kick a ball
- Hold a pair of scissors and cut paper
- Successfully put together a puzzle of 6 to 10 pieces
- Start to draw little men
- Start to play make-believe
Education
- Can go to preschool if the family wishes
5-7 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Butter their bread and chop semi-soft foods
- Get dressed on their own
- Tie knots
- Brush their hair
- Wipe themselves after a bowel movement without any help
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Answer the phone
- Tidy up their room and put clothes away
- Start to manage money
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Invent and tell stories
- Understand complex sentences
- Read a simple story without the help of pictures
- Start to learn how to write
- Make friends with other children
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Play sports and engage in other activities without their parents
- Draw little men with details such as clothing and fingers
- Successfully put together a puzzle of 15 to 20 pieces
- Are conscious of rules at home and in the community
Education
- Go to elementary school
- Do their homework and lessons under close parental supervision
8-9 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Prepare a simple meal (ex.: breakfast, lunch)
- Take care of their hygiene on their own
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Can walk to school
- Set and clear the table
- Can help do the dishes
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Tell stories and recount events
- Participate in conversations
- Write short texts
- Use a public phone
- Use a computer and popular software without any help
- Express their attachment to their family
- Prefer friends of their own sex
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Ride a bicycle
- Play team sports or engage in artistic activities without their parents
- Play board games and follow the rules
- Chat over the Internet
Education
- Go to elementary school
- Collaborate in group projects
- Do their homework under parental supervision
Professional and Sociooccupational Integration
- Do chores to earn an allowance
10-12 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Use certain kitchen aids under supervision (ex.: stove)
- Choose clothes according to weather conditions and events
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Can take care of their personal belongings and materials made available to them
- Participate in household chores
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Can read short novels
- Write texts of one page
- Can surf the web
- Express their opinions and oppose those of their parents
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Like to engage in activities with their friends
- Use public transportation in company of their friends
- Choose recreational, sports and social activities under parental supervision
Education
- Choose and register to a high school with the help of their parents
- Do their homework with little parental supervision
Professional and Sociooccupational Integration
- Find ways to earn pocket money
13-15 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Take their medication
- Take care of menstrual hygiene
- Shave on their own
- Put on deodorant
- Do their laundry using the washer and dryer
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Participate in the upkeep of the home
- Make deposits and withdrawals at the bank
- Honour commitments
- Can stay home alone during the day for a given period
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Phone to request information
- Write, stamp and mail a letter
- Download and listen to music
- Develop sentimental relationships with young people of their age
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Use local public transportation to go somewhere familiar
- Coordinate the use of their free time (ex.: leisure, work)
- Plan and participate in mixed group activities
- Ride a scooter
Education
- Go to high school
- Manage their homework and lessons
- Go on school trips
Professional and Sociooccupational Relationships
- Seek and earn work experience or do volunteer work
16-17 Years
Personal Autonomy
- Prepare and plan complex meals on their own (ex.: follow a recipe)
- Wake up and go to bed on their own
Socioresidential Autonomy
- Manage their pocket money
- Use a bank machine
- Plan a budget
- Do their own personal shopping
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
- Read newspapers, magazines, etc.
- Make appointments
- Maintain sentimental relationships with young people their own age
- Use contraception
Leisure and Integration into the Community
- Practice sports, recreational and social activities without their parents
- Use local public transportation to go somewhere new
- Use long distance transportation (ex.: bus, train)
- Drive a car
- Respect public and social norms
Education
- Register to a cegep or special trade school
Professional and Sociooccupational Integration
- Get a job
- Think about goals for the future, a type of career